Monday, May 10, 2010

Lessons Learned


Initially I expected Introduction to Fieldcraft to be a type of survival course where a person learned about the environment so they may more effectively overcome it. How wrong was I - not just about the course but my entire approach to nature in general. This is not to say I was some brute who slash and burned rainforest for some personal joy, but, truly, my main perception of nature was how quickly it will destroy a person, or thing, if allowed. This type of one-sided hostility in nature-and-humanity's relationship most assuredly put me into a permanent state of caution when interacting with the natural world. Behind the mental palisades of my discrimination, I was unable to fully perceive both the beauty of nature and its consequential marring through the machinations of humanity. This shift in mental paradigm and outlook didn't occur through some singular moment, it was the myriad of nuanced experiences that culminated in the reshaping of my mind. I may not be able to offer a step-by-step presentation of this alteration but I may be able to compare the past with the present; meaning illuminated by the subtle differences between the two. It is hard to be both retrospective and introspective by itself, much less after being oriented to a novel outlook. However, I am able to draw upon my most vivid experience with nature and recall, even if they are only fragments, my personal feelings associated with the past moment; all so that I may juxtapose how I felt about nature then and how I feel about it now. Through this I hope there is a more accurate account for what I have learned and experienced from this course. To demonstrate something more poignant occurred than merely being mentally stamped with a superficial impression of an 'intended learning outcome'. It is telling of my past perspective that this memory has a violent and life-threatening quality to it. So, in no particular order, not in occurrence or severity, I will start with one of my now intangible interactions with the environment.

I am 6 and presently drowning. What had started off as a simple excursion to the black beaches of Hawaii has eventually led to frenetic clawing at the sea's bottom. An undertow, swift and silent, seeks to pull me further out into what I now imagine as an oceanic Elysium. But then it was the pinched dark of fear-clasped eyes, all coarse grit as my tiny hands raked through the sandy bottom, desperately seeking purchase, silken drapes dragging over my skin - regarding my burning impulse for air an unimportant affair. Then, answering my singular question, the lone tendril of some unseen sea plant lent me its strength and solidarity during my frantic desperation. Tiny, greedy fingers clamped down with vice-like force onto what felt like a root. This lonely, seemingly unimportant plant was now the only actor whose role could turn tragedy to happy melodrama. Its existence, across feet of unbroken sand, provided the few moments needed for my brother to reach down and haul me out of what was only four feet of water.

To this day I still do not know what plant gave me enough purchase to withstand the dragging force of an undertow. However, I never once wanted to know what it was that saved me from drowning. I took for granted that there was something to hold on to, never once going over in my mind how singularly important a single plant had been in my life. This course, by allowing me to slow down and take notice of what is around me, even in Lubbock, a place some would term a geographically and biologically boring location, has been able to show me there are plenty of wonders to be found. To demonstrate the level of my previous disinterest, a simple fact: for well over twenty years I had lived in the Lubbock area and not once had I ever taken notice of a prairie dog. They abound just about anywhere that isn't immediately inhabited, yet I had never seen one. I knew that they existed and never once took the effort, not out of hate or dislike but purely out of apathy. Prairie dogs mattered to me about as much as your nearest ant hill, less so because I probably would have done something to disturb an ant hill. However, partly due because Dr. Tomlinson made such an impassioned account of the creatures, one day I sat off to sit down and quietly watch what then can only be described as cat-sized varmints. And for the first 10 minutes nothing spectacular or interesting occurred, they ran from me and hid in their holes, every so often one would peer over the lip leading into their homes and watch me. And then eventually one came out of his hole and, looking at me, he began to bark. And just hearing that noise made me laugh because it immediately brought to mind an interesting piece of information Dr. Tomlinson told the class regarding social mammals from the order Rodentia - some can actually differentiate between people, their genders, predators, and then communicate that difference to the rest of the colony. Was it describing me to the rest of the colony? If the prairie dog was I sure hope it included 'handsome male' somewhere in its description. Looking further off I saw there were prairie dogs some distance away from me who had come out of their holes. Peering through my binoculars, which without I would not have been able to interact with the environment in this new way, I could see that these previously viewed mongrels had very interesting and endearing characteristics. One particularly large prairie dog was splayed out, tail-thumping the ground, basking in the sun - it was just too, and I hate to use this, 'cute'. The prairie dog looked like he was on vacation! I got out my field journal and began sketching one of the more picturesque prairie dogs, tail curled up and sauntering along in plain sight. And that is when I realized I have never taken more than just ten minutes to sit in the grass, outside of the city, and just patiently wait for nature to run its course - not of my own accord, at least, and definitely not for the sole purpose of experiencing 'nature'.

I will admit I was not a very good birder initially, I could not help but value the behavior of an animal more than the way it looked. To me it seemed that one of the largest problems with birds was their behavior. Unless a person is either lucky and able to view a bird behaving in a particular way, something novel or interesting, something other than the wonder of flight, then what a person ends up watching is a bird flying or perched on a branch. That was truly how I felt. I have been unlucky in never noticing a bird's behavior that has particularly piqued my interest. This was made immediately apparent in Milnesand while sitting uncomfortably in a cold van. The mating rituals of prairie chickens absolutely floored me. The level of development that has occurred up until the present is just mind-boggling. Here I was watching something as beautiful, something I thought unique to Birds-of-Paradise. Located in what would not even amount to a village one thousand years ago, there was this little natural wonder that I had been completely oblivious to. Another wonder that was literally in my backyard. This is a bird that does not take a specific type of person - perhaps a person who has spent more time interacting with nature - to be able to fully appreciate them. I am amazed at their evolutionary paths, their origins, and their development - their very physiology alone is stunning. The difference between Greater Prairie Chickens and Lesser Prairie Chickens can easily be seen from their colorations - not of feathers and plumage, but of their air sacks and eye-cones. It is just absolutely entrancing that both species have developed two physical structures with the same color in one species, orange for GPC, and different in another, plum for LPC. I had previously read accounts on some types of birds actively deceiving one another to obtain food, the altering of feeding habits before migrating across large bodies of water, or displaying defensive behaviors like pretending to be injured to lure away predators. But I have never experienced this myself and I think the very nature of prairie chickens commands both a profound respect and almost stunning level of appreciation, at least to anyone who has seen them first-hand. I may not have been the best student at identifying birds, this is easily demonstrable by going back in memory and recalling the frequent calls of, "Kite! It's a kite." However, while I can say I have improved in my 'gestalt' for birds, the greatest improvement has been the ignition of interest when thinking of birds, particularly ones who lek. On my improvement at identifying birds, I was recently with a friend outside and I spotted a Mourning dove. I quickly drew his attention to it and confidently announced, "That is a Mourning dove." My friend asked me, "How can you tell that the bird is a Mourning dove?" To which I replied, "First, it has those little black scales near the end of its wings, it has the general look of a dove, and well that is just my jizz regarding the bird." After he jumped into a brief discussion of the 'birds and the bees' I quickly stopped him and explained that in just this case, it was only the birds.

While I am speaking of friends, I have had the honor of meeting some very unique and interesting people, individuals who I would like to imagine I would have been able to meet regardless, although, I am ecstatic to be able to say it has happened sooner rather than later. Many I had a lot of face time with and was enriched through that and others it seems like even their faintest presence has impacted my life. Case in point, there was a wonderful lady with whom accompanied my group to observe prairie chickens, so lightly did she touch upon my world that I cannot recall her name. But this is what she gave me - she had traveled from California, a roughly 15 hour drive, to Milnesand just to be given the opportunity to sit in a freezing van and observe prairie chickens jump around and squawk (my oversimplification is for dramatic purpose). Here was another individual as impassioned as Dr. Tomlinson, exhilarated at the thought of being able to sit and watch the behaviors of birds. She was not doing this for a grade in a class, although I imagine that by now everyone in class would have done this regardless of a grade, and she actually made personal family sacrifices just to be able to experience it. She said even if the occasion would remain in the singular for her remaining lifetime this was something she had dreamed of being able to experience. When you see something that is important to someone else, it is imperative to take notice and give respect because in a way we all are very similar in that we display empathy. And to be able to experience, even ephemerally, the drive and passion someone has - you may yourself have the opportunity not just to learn something new but to reimagine the reality that binds us all together. And for me, through this class, through the effort and patience of Dr. Tomlinson, and through my relationships with new friends, I have been given a very special gift which I humbly accept and know would not have been possible without taking notice and giving respect.
So thank you Dr. Tomlinson, thank you everyone from class, thanks everyone from Milnesand - the tiny town with a giant treasure, and thank you everyone at Lubbock Lake Landmark! And every third-party who reads this, realize how important the natural world is to the aforementioned, take notice and please give respect.

My favorite flower - Blue Gilia, Gilia rigidula.

Sunday, May 9, 2010

Misc.

My fat cat got hurt sometime last week and when we took him to the vet they sowed buttons onto his bottom! (he didn't have enough skin for them to sow the wound shut so they used buttons as an alternative... he looks pretty silly)



This is my pet sugar glider - she's my #1 Co-pilot for late night fun.

Buddy Holly's Grave:

Poor kitty I found abandoned two nights ago, one eye covered in mucus, dehydrated, and malnourished:

Flowers pt. 2

Blue verbina, Spiny Aster, Yellow Primrose, Feathered Dahlia (pic not included, it's on the front of our book!), Threadleaf Groundsel, and Purple Ground Cherry!
Blue Verbing:

Spiny Aster:

Yellow Primrose:

Purple Ground Cherry:

Thread-leaf Groundsel

Flowers!

Wild flowers are varied and numerous, their classification and identification is very linked to a particular ecoregion, where guides are very region specific. Guides that are separated into color are not as useful as guides separated by family - but it requires identification of family in order to be successful. The wild flowers that we were initially set to identify were the Bladderpod, Prairie Verbina, Orange Mallow, and Scarlet Mallow - but then we were set loose to find flowers on our own, a much more challenging ordeal without Dr. Tomlinson reassuring me that such and such flower was NOT a snapdragon. The flowers I found and identified (correctly, I hope) were the Puccon, Yellow Daisy, Bitterweed, and Fleabane. My iPhone was being difficult and taking only blurry pictures so I'll post ones I found online. Also, I found an awesome website for just perusing through flowers! http://www.plants.usda.gov/
Puccon:

Yellow Daisy:

Bitterweed:

Fleabane:

Milnesand

First, I'd like to indicate how lucky I really was for going on an outing as interesting and as fun as this. Milnesand may have been just 3 houses and a fire station/civic center combined but it was a very welcoming and happy community, even despite the inclement weather! Milnesand is actually located on a very large plateau, an interesting geographical location compared to the surrounding "Llano Estacado" - coined by Coronado's expedition for many potential reasons (plateau rocks looking like the palisade of a fort, or having to use stakes to navigate the unremarkable landscape). The emphasis of the lecture given in Milnesand was that "location is important" and I completely agree with the message. This location, upon on a plateau, has a particular environment that for many reasons is agreeable to Prairie Chickens.
For Prairie Chickens there are 5 common birds, Sharped-tailed grouse, Greater Sage Grouse, Guinnison's Sage Grouse, Greater Prairie chicken, and the Lesser Prairie chicken, (the differences between Greater and Lesser Prairie chickens derives from GPC being 2.5 lbs heavier with orange air sacks and orange eye-cones - while LPC have plum-colored air sacks and plum eye-cones). The normal range areas for these birds are Texas, Oklahoma, NM, Colorado, and Kansas; however, there has been a vast loss of their natural range, stemming from many different factors. One of these factors has to do with farmers using barbed wired to enclose areas, this barbed wire is difficult to see and Prairie Chickens are unable to avoid them when evading predators. The class as a whole banded together to stick easily identifiable markers on the barbed fence in an effort to increase the population. With a 50% yearly mortality rate, a 3 year old chicken being considered "old", Prairie Chickens have plenty of environmental forces, such as the Cooper Hawk, working against them for humanity to be adding anything else. Despite all the dangers of living on the plateau, Prairie Chickens do, particularly because of the flora that abides there. One such plant is the Shinnery Oak, a low tree of about shin height with acorn-seeds, which are used by Prairie Chickens for both cover and food. Another is Blue-stemmed grass in which the PC use to nest and raise their young in. Cover is also important for their courtship and mating, Prairie Chickens like a semi-clear area of low grass with and outside rim of much taller grasses or brush. This is where Prairie Chickens form a lek, or a place where males congregate to demonstrate for females.
After researching leks online, I came across an interesting piece of information regarding them, there is a paradox associated with leks.

Persistent female choice for particular male trait values should erode genetic variance in male traits and thereby remove the benefits of choice, yet choice persists. This is most obvious in lekking species where females gain no material benefits or parental care from males. This paradox can be somewhat alleviated by the occurrence of mutations introducing potential differences, as well as the possibility that traits of interest have more or less favorable recessive alleles. (Wikipedia)


The PC display of courtship were absolutely spell-binding. I would have never imagined so many different acts: stamping feet, blowing up air sacs, defending terroritorial areas, jumping, "flutter jumps", "bowing", tail feathers brushing against one another, not to mention the multitude of calls and various utterances form the birds. It was a singularly amazing experience to be able to witness that first-hand, even if other environmental conditions were not quite as amazing.
A bonus to going to Milnesand was being able to see a Golden Eagle and a professionally trained sheep/cattle dog. The Golden Eagle was absolutely breath taking and after comparing it to the Golden Eagle seen in the museum, no matter how incredible the skin was at maintaining the Golden Eagle's beauty, it was no match to seeing the creature animated. The sheep/cattle dog made me re-evaluate my stance of "cats are better than dogs", even if it was only for a moment.

Museum

Texas Tech Museum has the second largest bird collection in Texas (with A&M at number 1). The museum also has one of the biggest mammal collections in the nation. These collections are made possible through the actions of preservation. Preservation has the capacity to create a lasting representation of a living creature for study and presentation to the public. The methods of preservation were absolutely stunning; freezing samples that are waiting to be prepped, injecting formalin and preserving in alcohol. Formaldehyde, typically used to stop flesh from rotting, is not used for long-term preservation. One type method of preservation is skeletonization, which is the removing of soft tissue and preserving the skeletal structure. The soft tissue that is removed can be frozen and used for genetic analysis. A particularly interesting method of accomplishing the total defleshment from bone is through the use of flesh-eating beetles. Samples are placed in dixie cups and then placed into what amounts to an aquarium filled with these beetles. Eventually all that remains are gleaming white bones - this is particularly useful for skeletons that are fragile, like hummingbirds. After getting a glimpse at the flesh-eating beetles we proceeded into an area with extremely exotic large animals and prepared skins of birds. A prepared skin is a dried out husk of a bird, removed of all bodily fluids and organs, and which retains a remarkable level of detail - some of these birds looked like they may pick up and fly away at any moment. The earliest bird preservation in the museum is from 1866, an example for the durability of a prepared skin and the value of curators who protect and maintain these preservations. Curators seem to be a kind of unseen hand that are integral for the maintenance and continuation of heritages like the one seen at Texas Tech Museum. At the museum we finally were able to see a Greater and Lesser Prairie Chicken for the first time. These skins were absolutely remarkable and gave us a glimpse of what we'd be seeing in the days following. The very last thing that we were presented with was row after row of towering cabinets, all holding the preservation of mammals. This was a testament to what it requires to be considered one of the largest collections in the nation, opening up just one door revealed what must have been 30-60 bats all seeming to be alive if it were not for previous knowledge. To wrap up the day Jenny gave us a lecture on what was needed for the trip that would follow soon.




Wednesday, April 14, 2010

Planting Trees! (completed)

Last Wednesday we finished planting at Lubbock Lake Landmark, despite the loss of a Soapberry, an unfortunate loss due to our frenetic planting. It was fun but as my three-man digging team was going around on the mule we weren't able to listen to Dr. Tomlinson, although we could see that there were things she was indicating at the ground! Ready to see some skins next Wednesday and even more interested in the planned events for this upcoming weekend (Prairie Chicken Festival)!

I sure hope no one has a headache! The weather looks ominous today, I hope it won't infringe on our interesting weekend we have planned! And I'm remembering to bring cold weather attire, the last thing I want to do is freeze while I sit motionless in the cold and dark.

Wednesday, April 7, 2010

Planting Trees

Last Wednesday, as well as the following Wednesday, the class will be planting the native trees Western Soapberry (Sapindus drumondii) and Netfleaf Hackberry (Celtis reticulata). These are two trees that I am not familiar with as far as planting goes but every summer I spend most of my time landscaping for a friend's business. Most of what I'm familiar with are desertscapes, which is interesting, because this type of landscaping is targetted at the removal of plants unable to deal with the hot summers and cold winters of Lubbock, or non-native species of plants, and replacing with drought/cold-tolerant perennials! Here is an excellent landscape website that includes many very pretty, native or drought-resistant plants to look through!
http://bexar-tx.tamu.edu/HomeHort/F4Best/nTxLSPerennials.htm

There is a nursery in south Lubbock that specializes in native or drought-resistant plants (the name currently eludes me, not Sparkman's - it isn't even listed on Google maps!). All in all it was a great day! I don't think there is anything more enjoyable than working outdoors when the weather is as pretty as it was on Wednesday! Anyways, after class I went to Rosa's to pick the brain of Burr Williams after class... I had a question that has been nagging me since we first started talking about invasive species. My question was, "If evolution has "fashioned" a species better adapted to an area that it invades, am I wrong for thinking that there is a degree of hypocrisy associated with the efforts of fighting off said species?" This was presented after stating to Burr Williams that I realized some, if not most, of these plants were introduced to ecosystems in what people consider an "unnatural" way in that humans had transported them to the new ecosystem.

His response was amazingly unpredicted, "No." And then a laugh. And from here on out I'm summarizing. -It seems that we as people tend to forget that humans are as much a "disruptive species" as the invasives trying to be removed in the previous question. We are a part of the ecosystem, not excluded from it, and as such play the same roles as every other species on the planet. So I thought I'd ask anyone who reads this what your perspective is.

If an invasive species demonstrates a higher level of fitness than the native species present (species that have adapted for literally the exact ecosystem they are currently living in, sans the newly introduced invasives or tampering from humans; e.g. deforestation, nitrate removal, etc.), should humans allow nature to take the course it would ... naturally?

Trust me; I understand the point about responsibility for environmental changes attributable to human activity, human disruption within ecosystems, etc. I just want to know how you feel about the aforementioned question analogous to Bengal tigers eating or being eaten by, say, polar bears should one ever enter into the environment of the other, by whatever means.

Wednesday, March 31, 2010

Sleuthing

So, after getting home I immediately checked conditions and it seemed like they were consistent if not cooler, windier. This, paired with the observation of wind-direction and clouds present at the time, I have to say that at the time of class on Wednesday we were dropping in barometric pressure and that we were either at the nadir of the depression or we were just then beginning to come back up. The following morning and day seemed to confirm as much but by the end of the day it seemed like the weather was picking up steadily.... So in that 2-3 day span I have to say that we were either at the lowest point of barometric point in a storm system and that it was to begin rising, and having risen on the next day, proceeded with another storm front that came in. This may have explained the presence for so many different types of clouds. This is my initial observation and guess... Here is some of the research I did, primarily on cloud cover and weather systems.

It seems that clouds are categorized primarily by where they are located within the atmosphere, with a particular cloud-type's defining qualities measured by shape, size, and concentration within that atmospheric stratification. The strata are named accordingly: High-level, Mid-level, Low-level, Clouds with Vertical Development, and other cloud types (irregular cloud formations).

High-level clouds:
Cirrus (discussed in class),

Cirrostratus(high-altitude ice clouds)


Mid-level clouds:
Altocumulus (formed through convection, which may result from the lifting of air in advance of a cold front),


Altostratus (grey hazy clouds, large air mass that is lifted and then condensed, typically by an incoming frontal system)



Low-level clouds:
Nimbostratus (big fluffy low hanging rain clouds),



Stratocumulus (lump with breaks in between, weak precipitation)



Clouds with Vertical Development:
Fair Weather Cumulus (looks like floating cotton with a flat base),


Cumulonimbus (talked about in class),


However, after looking at these pictures, I'm quite certain that we were seeing Fair Weather Cumulus, not Cumulonimbus, and that the clouds we were calling Cirrus were really Altocumulus. Which leads me to believe that instead of us being at the lowest point and on our way up in barometric pressure, we were really already finished with the actual cold front but were experiencing another slow front rolling in. When that front was finished by Thursday then I believe we were hit with another one mid-afternoon to late evening. I do not know how to confirm or disprove my intial hypothesis and final conclusion, even after looking at Dr. Tomlinson's weather tool it mentions nothing of actual fronts moving in. The weather forecast keeps progressing forward and I can't seem to procure an in-depth view of the 24th. http://www.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=lub
I tried using that website as well.

Wednesday, March 24, 2010

Carbon Footprint Calculator - What's My Carbon Footprint ?

Carbon Footprint Calculator - What's My Carbon Footprint ?

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First Post


Butenolide. This is the chemical bond structure of the compound mentioned during our walk. It was an interesting little tidbit that native species for our area developed an interesting adaptation to natural wildfires that periodically swept across the Great Plains; their seed germination requires the application of fire, the smoke of which induces the production of butenolide. I think that fact speaks volumes about the concept presented to us through our tour of Lubbock Lake Landmark, namely that fire is a prolific and integral element to the survival of the Great Plains. It sounded weird to me hearing that, where I had previously been oriented towards grass fires as a generally negative occurrence. An interesting aside, wildfires occur on every continent but Antarctica!

Simultaneously, besides being a chemical mechanism for seed germination, fire plays an important role in managing the ecosystem. It allows for the continued growth of root systems by inhibiting the depletion of root systems from the overgrazing of livestock. This is a slow, season-by-season loss of root systems from animals consuming nutrients that are being compensated for by the root system itself. Fire also clears land of exotic plants and grasses within idled fields, allowing for the expansion of different, native plants, plants that are actually adapted to these grass fires. One way that this occurs is by removing and inhibiting the proliferation of mesquite, a water intensive plant that is considered one of the world's most problematic invasive species by the World Conservation Union.



Mesquite, while absorbing more natural resources than native grasses, also perform an important, productive role within the ecology as well, one that is not fully realized until it is removed (grass fires). Mesquite is leguminous plant (legume, e.g. beans, peas, lentils, soy, etc.) and as such has a symbiotic relationship with rhizobium, a soil bacteria, held within a legume's root system. This symbiotic relationship allows for the fixation of nitrogen, the important ecological function of removing nitrogen from the atmosphere and "fixing" it within the soil. Nitrogen is essential in the formation of amino and nucleic acids, which are used in proteins and DNA/RNA respectively.

Fixing nitrogen is itself a competitive advantage against non-nitrogen fixing plants such as grasses. Mesquite's quick acquisition of a landscape is influenced by the many factors that degrade or erode nitrogen fixed within the soil, many of which are the direct consequence of human activity. Ammonia votilization, nitrogen changed into ammonia gas and returned to the atmosphere, occurring from the use of fertilizers that are composed of urea; denitrification of closed root-mycorrhizal systems due to high-temperatures from overexposure to the sun, a result of clearing trees or brush that provide shade; and loss of nitrogen from the overgrazing of animals or repeated agricultural harvesting of crops without allowing a field to fallow. With the combined loss of nitrogen in the soil from these sources and because nitrogen fixing legumes do not require nitrogen fixed within the soil to undergo amino and nucleic acid production, the rhizobium within their root systems produce nitrogen compounds in exchange for glucose from the legume, they are able to survive where grasses may not. However, when mesquite die, perhaps a death by wildfire, they release all the nitrogen in their root systems into the soil, replenishing depleted nitrogen and allowing for the return of grasses.

The fixation of nitrogen is doubly important to farmers and the ecology in this: farmers are not required to fertilize their crops as frequently, which saves on overhead, by using legumes as a means of returning depleted nitrogen back into fallow fields. The ecology benefits in avoiding being inundated with fertilizers which can be washed into rivers and tributaries, another important ecological niche.

Anyways, I thought that I would put up a before and after of the Netleaf Hackberry, a surprisingly beautiful tree.